Israel’s COVID-19 vaccine to prevent pandemic

Six weeks after Israel started the war Coronavirus disease Vaccines available Left the rest of the worldThe final effect seems to be beginning to show, and public health experts breathed a sigh of relief.

Earlier this week, as the country reported that the number of severely ill patients over 60 had continued to decrease significantly, experts were confident that they would see the effects of this vaccine. In the initial stage of the vaccine launch in Israel, priority is given to people over 60 years old, so this is where the signal is expected to appear in the national COVID-19 statistics.

“We are cautious to say that the magic has already begun,” Tweet On February 1, Eran Segal, a data scientist at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, pointed out that COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and serious illnesses are all in their 60s.

In addition, follow-up studies conducted by Maccabi Healthcare Services, one of Israel’s largest HMOs, show that Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine (which has been used in most injections so far) has played almost the same effect in the real world. It did in clinical trials, and the efficacy after two doses exceeded 90%. This is not a guarantee: the performance of drugs and vaccines may be beyond the control of clinical testing.

This is good news for the United States and other countries that hope to emulate Israel’s success in providing COVID-19 vaccines to their populations. However, data from Israel also reveals the challenges ahead.

The Israeli experts interviewed by BuzzFeed News hope that these positive results will emerge sooner.They attribute the delay to the fact that Middle Eastern countries have been struggling with highly contagious countries B.1.1.7 Coronavirus variants First appeared in the UK-now considered to account for more than 70% of Israeli cases.Although both Pfizer and Moderna According to reports, their vaccine effectively blocked the B.1.1.7 variant. The other variants first discovered in South Africa and Brazil seem to be Less sensitive Compared with current vaccines, if they or new variants with similar mutations become dominant, they may disrupt further development.

At the same time, human rights groups criticized Israel for not extending its vaccination program to the occupied Palestinian territories. Moreover, among the Palestinian Arab citizens and ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities in Israel, deployment has been slower-which is worrying because these are the groups most hit by COVID-19.

This makes health experts concerned about Israel’s deployment from the United States, because despite the Israeli government’s large-scale communication efforts that include religious and other community leaders to resolve the vaccine hesitation between Arabs and ultra-Orthodox communities, the situation remains the same. Is happening.

In the United States, black Americans have always Killed disproportionately And feel sick due to COVID-19, and already behind In the vaccination campaign in the United States. Although black Americans have good reasons to distrust medical institutions, Legacy of racism Peter Hotez, a principal vaccine researcher at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, told BuzzFeed News that there is nothing in the healthcare system that can use propaganda to convince skeptical groups of the benefits of vaccination like in Israel.

Hotez is concerned that if the vaccine penetration rate remains low and the more dangerous variants of the coronavirus continue, the black community will suffer very heavy casualties. He said: “We are losing a generation of mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters.”

Israel attributes the rapid promotion of its vaccines to a medical system that requires every citizen to be a member of one of the four HMOs, which operates clinics in almost all parts of this small, densely populated country.After obtaining vaccine supplies from Pfizer and Moderna, the country was able to use this solid medical infrastructure to advance vaccination faster than any other vaccine: as of Wednesday, Israel had provided approximately 59 shots per 100 people In the U.S., and the U.S. has donated nearly 10

In Israel, the rules for who is eligible to receive the vaccine are much simpler than those in the United States. The decision-making power in the United States depends on each state. These factors include age, occupational exposure to the virus, and existing medical conditions. Instead, Israel prioritizes the elderly, encourages everyone to shoot, and opens call centers to simplify dating. Even with the existing infrastructure, it has opened a large-scale outdoor immunization center.

“They are very easy to sign,” said Baylors Hotez’s colleague Ann Blake. “If the vaccine is left at the end of the day, your clinic secretary will explode the text message.”

The medical system in the United States is more fragmented. Many people do not have medical insurance and face huge challenges that match the Israeli vaccination campaign. Blakes believes that the country needs to learn from Israel, learn from it, open larger vaccination centers, and simplify vaccine eligibility regulations.

She said: “We need to open stadiums across the country.” “We started to do this. We need to do this on a large scale.”

But Israel is less effective in controlling the spread of the virus. The vaccination campaign began on December 19, and in the early stages, there was a surge in cases driven by the currently dominant B.1.1.7 variant. A nationwide blockade was subsequently implemented on December 27, which made it difficult for scientists to distinguish the protective effects of the vaccine from the reduction in transmission caused by the blockade.

“Because all these strong winds are pushing in different directions, it is difficult to distinguish the effects of vaccines,” Uri Shalit, a data scientist at the Haifa Institute of Technology who specializes in healthcare, told BuzzFeed News.

Just last week, Shalit and other experts were still anxiously looking for the difference between this lock-in trend and the lock-in trend that ended in October. But by this week, it is clear that the number of elderly people with severe COVID-19 in Israel has begun to decline, although severe cases continue to rise among young people.

As shown in the graphs above and below, severe cases began to decline in mid-January, shortly after the number of elderly Israelis who received the second shot of the vaccine increased sharply. Currently, more than 75% of people over 60 have two shots, although the increase has slowed in recent days-some scientists are shocked. “You have exhausted early adopters,” Yaniv Erlich, a computer scientist at the Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center who has been tracking COVID-19 data, told BuzzFeed News.

Nevertheless, follow-up research on Israeli HMOs is still full of hope.in Early research papers Published online on January 29 but has not yet been peer-reviewed. Researchers at Maccabi Healthcare Services tracked more than 350,000 Israeli adults 13-24 days after they first received the Pfizer vaccine. The vaccine is estimated to be 51% effective in preventing infection. .

Among the unpublished data so far, The Times of Israel reported last week Maccabi researchers found that based on the comparison of 163,000 fully vaccinated Maccabi patients with the unvaccinated group, the vaccine has an effective rate of 92% after two doses.If these results stand up, it means that Pfizer vaccine performs almost as well in the real world Just like in a clinical trial.

Ehrlich and other It warns that these results may overestimate the effects of vaccines. One problem is that Israeli couples usually get vaccinated together to provide extra protection for patients within the family, which does not happen in clinical trials like volunteers.

However, immunologist Cyrille Cohen, deputy director of life sciences at Barat Ilan University, was pleased with the report. He told BuzzFeed News: “This is on par.” “I have been cautious, but so far, this is good news.”

Encouragingly, vaccination rates are low in ultra-orthodox Jewish communities and Arab-Israeli cities with large populations. Many ultra-Orthodox Jews are skeptical of vaccines and oppose restrictions on the spread of the coronavirus. Thousands of mourners attended The famous rabbi’s funeral in Jerusalem on January 31 ignored the country’s current blockade.

By the end of January, In Nazareth (over 60 years old), less than 70%Sometimes referred to as the “Arab Capital” of Israel, it has been given the initial dose of vaccination-far behind the national average. In Nazareth and other Israeli cities with large Arab populations, insufficient intake of vaccines is believed to be related to widespread distrust of the Israeli government.

Another controversial issue is the vaccination of Palestinians in the occupied territories. Israel insists that health is the responsibility of the Palestinian National Authority under the Oslo Agreement. According to reports, plans to purchase 100,000 doses The Sputnik V vaccine developed by the Gamaleya Institute in Russia.

Under pressure from the following groups Human Rights Watch, Which believes that the Fourth Geneva Convention requires Israel to provide medical supplies, and Israel has already started Send a small amount of vaccine To the Palestinians. There are concerns that the frequent flow of unchecked people through checkpoints (thousands of Palestinians working in Israel) would disrupt the country’s own vaccination campaigns, which also spurred this move.

The gap in the launch of Israeli vaccines means that even the global leader in immunization against COVID-19 will have a population in which the coronavirus is still circulating freely. This includes children: Pfizer’s vaccine is currently only available to children 16 years of age and older. “We will not vaccinate children under the age of 16 until we obtain the results of the clinical trials conducted by Pfizer,” said Cohen, who sits on the committee that advises the Israeli Ministry of Health on clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccine.

As long as the virus is spreading, new variants may emerge, some of which may evade current vaccines. Both Pfizer and Moderna are testing options to deal with these variations, including additional booster injections or brand new vaccine formulations. But this means that some measures to keep away from society may still need to be taken, especially if new mutations lead to a surge in the future of coronaviruses.

This worries Haggai Rothman, a researcher at the Siegel Research Group at the Weizmann Institute, who is concerned about the lack of compliance with further strict restrictions. Rothman said: “After the vaccination campaign, the public will no longer accept hard bans.”