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An International Energy Agency report said that immediate action is needed to reshape the world’s energy sector to achieve ambitious climate goals by 2050, including ending investment in new coal mines and oil and gas wells.
The Paris-based Global Agency is an autonomous intergovernmental organization that provides analysis, data and policy advice to promote global energy security and sustainability.
it Said in the report released on Tuesday It has determined that by 2050, there is a narrow but feasible way to establish a global energy sector with zero net greenhouse gas emissions.
Several countries, including the United States and EU member states, have pledged to achieve net zero emissions by the middle of this century, which means that only as much warming gas as possible that is emitted into the atmosphere is absorbed into the atmosphere.
International Energy Agency report It lists the 400 steps required to change the way energy is produced, transported, and used. These measures include not investing in new fossil fuel supply projects, halting sales of new internal combustion engine passenger cars by 2035, and increasing the deployment of solar and wind energy by four times from last year’s record level by 2030.
IEA executive director Fatih Birol (Fatih Birol) said that this shift will create millions of new jobs and promote global economic growth.
But he warned that although countries and companies have begun to set bold targets for reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, actual emissions will continue to increase substantially. The IEA said last month that as the world economy rebounds from the pandemic, emissions in 2021 will be the second largest annual increase since 2010.
Birol said: “The gap between what we hear from government and industry leaders and real life is getting bigger and bigger.”
The power sector takes the lead
The agency has 30 members, mainly in North America, Europe and East Asia. The agency stated that the power sector must take the lead. By 2035, advanced economies and global power generation in five years will reach net zero.
It said: “Except for the projects already committed by 2021, there are no new oil and gas fields approved for development in our development route, and no new coal mines or expansion of mines are required,” it said.
Dave Jones, an analyst at Ember, an energy think tank, said the report’s recommendations mark a shift in the IEA’s past stance and are “really a knife for the fossil fuel industry”.
Large developing countries such as China, India and South Africa will need help to implement the report’s recommendation to shut down the most polluting coal-fired power plants by 2030.
Laura Cozzi, one of the lead authors of the International Energy Agency report, said that in addition to the substantial increase in sales of renewable energy and electric vehicles, energy efficiency must also be greatly improved in the next ten years. She said the power grid and electric vehicle charging network should also be expanded to cope with the shift from fossil fuels to electricity.
Her co-author Timur Gul said that although technologies exist to decarbonize the energy industry, they are not yet suitable for industries such as aviation or heavy industry.
Gul said: “We need to bring them to the market.”
He said that such future technologies may need to include effective and scalable methods for capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
The role of biofuels is questioned
Environmental groups have criticized proposals that rely on unproven technology in the past, arguing that drastically cutting actual emissions is a more effective way.
The charity ActionAid warned that the report emphasizes the use of biofuels made from crops. Although this type of fuel is considered a form of renewable energy, their production usually comes at the expense of food crops and requires a large area of ??land to grow. But Kozy said that the model in the report does not need to convert forests into farmland.
Experts say that to achieve the goal of the Paris climate agreement, that is, by the end of this century, to control global warming below 1.5 C, compared with the period before industrialization, it is necessary to achieve net zero emissions in the entire economy. Scientists say that since the end of the 19th century, the world has heated up by 1.2C.
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